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This is worse
''This is worse'' (Spanish: ''Esto es peor''〔"(''This is worse'' (''Esto es peor''), Plate 37 of ''The Disasters of War'' series )". National Galleries of Scotland. Retrieved February 7, 2010.〕) is an etching and wash drawing by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya (1746–1828). Completed between 1812–1815, though not published until 1863, it forms part of his ''Disasters of War'' series,〔This image is plate 37 of 82.〕 which Goya created as a visual protest against the violence of the 1808 Dos de Mayo Uprising and subsequent Peninsular War of 1808–1814.〔Bareau, 45 〕
The image is based on a scene which occurred in Chinchón in December 1808, at a time when Goya's brother was living there as parish priest. When two French soldiers were killed by Spanish rebels, the French retaliated by massacring local men. Goya shows the mutilated body of a rebel impaled on the branches of a tree at two points – through his anus and shoulder blade.〔Stoichita & Coderch, 95〕 The victim's head is turned towards the picture's viewer, in a motif that echoes the title of another work in the ''Disasters'' series - ''One cannot look''. His right arm has been chopped off above the elbow. In the background, French soldiers cheer and mock. The drawing contains sexual undertones in that the victim appears to have been raped.〔Cottom, 59〕
The figuration of the dead man is based in part on the Hellenistic fragment of a male nude, the Belvedere Torso, by an Athenian sculptor. Goya had earlier made a black wash drawing study of the statue during a visit to Rome.〔See Goya's ''Italian notebook''.〕 However, he subverts the classical motifs used in war art by adding a degree of theatre – the branch through the anus, animated shoulders and close framing.〔 The man is naked, itself a daring presentation for Spanish art in the 19th century.〔Cottom, 58〕
An 1863 print of ''This is Worse'' was purchased by the National Galleries of Scotland in 1967.〔
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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